Critical Analysis 1 - Understanding for Reasoning
I have been improving my internal thought processes and scientific writing thanks to a few books. Here, I will briefly discuss one that has been particularly illuminating:
Asking the Right Questions - A Guide to Critical Thinking by M. Neil Brown and Stuart M. Keeley
The book describes many concepts for critical thinking. A foundational one is that strong arguments, first come from clear understanding and a logical flow of ideas.
This logical flow is based on a conclusions that are built upon reasons. So, establishing this logical progression precisely is a great exercise for both reading for understanding, and for clarity in writing.
Example case: Companies and remote work policy
Here is an example I have asked Claude.ai to generate:
Companies should adopt flexible remote work policies because they improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Studies show remote workers report 20% higher job satisfaction due to better work-life balance and reduced commuting stress. Remote employees also demonstrate increased focus without typical office distractions. Therefore, businesses embracing flexible remote arrangements will likely see happier employees and stronger performance.
Exercise: Clear breakdown of conclusion and reasoning
Here is my breakdown of their argument into the concepts for critical analysis.
Issue: Should companies allow employees to work from home?
Conclusion: Companies should provide employees with flexible work from home policies.
Reasoning:
1: (Study) Remote workers enjoy work 20% more than those who do not.
1.1: Remote workers have a greater work-life balance
1.2: Remote workers experience less commuting stress.
2: Remote workers are more focused and less distracted.
There are two primary reasons, with the first having two supporting items. This procedure creates a clear logical flow for their conclusion: Companies should allow remote work because: (1) these workers are happier and (2) more focused on their work. We evaluate the strength of these reasons in a separate process.
Establishing understanding
Before we judge the reasoning and conclusion, we first need earnest understanding of the author's intent. The benefit for this separation is two fold: (1) it creates a mental model for understanding in writing and in conversations, and (2) creates a culture of earnest listening before judgement. The second is important, because I find that disagreements are often rooted in lack of mutual understanding.
Once understanding is established, critical analysis can take place. I'll reserve this process for the next post, but as a sneak-peak it starts with precise probing questions.